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1996-07-16
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187 lines
This file lists the set of papers and tech reports that were written with
the aid of the IRIT solid modeling tool.
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Planar Curve Offset Based on Circle Approximation
In-Kwon Lee, Myung-Soo Kim, and Gershon Elber
An algorithm is presented to approximate planar offset curves within
an arbitrary tolerance $\epsilon>0$. Given a planar parametric curve
$C(t)$ and an offset radius $r$, the circle of radius $r$ is first
approximated by piecewise quadratic B\'ezier curve segments within the
tolerance $\epsilon$. The exact offset curve $C_r(t)$ is then
approximated by the convolution of $C(t)$ with the quadratic B\'ezier
curve segments. For a polynomial curve $C(t)$ of degree $d$, the
offset curve $C_r(t)$ is approximated by planar rational curves,
$C^a_r(t)$'s, of degree $3d-2$. For a rational curve $C(t)$ of degree
$d$, the offset curve is approximated by rational curves of degree
$5d-4$. When they have no self-intersections, the approximated offset
curves, $C^a_r(t)$'s, are guaranteed to be within $\epsilon$-distance
from the exact offset curve $C_r(t)$. The effectiveness of this
approximation technique is demonstrated in the offset computation of
planar curved objects bounded by polynomial/rational parametric
curves.
* To appear in CAD.
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Multiresolution Control for Nonuniform Bspline Curve Editing
Gershon Elber and Craig Gotsman
The piecewise polynomial \bspline{} representation is widely used
throughout the CAGD community as the representation of choice.
However, the locality of \bspline{} curves, while important in many
respects, disables global control of the curve, preventing efficient
and easy manipulation. Multiresolution representations for uniform
\bspline{} curves have been recently proposed to alleviate this
problem.
Herein, we extend the use of multiresolution representations to non
uniform \bspline{} (NUBS) curves, including periodic curves. Our
method supports local non uniform refinement and (dis)continuity
preservation. The multiresolution decomposition of the freeform NUBS
curve is computed using least-squares approximation, based on existing
data reduction techniques. The majority of contemporary modeling
systems that employ the NUBS representation may now employ this
multiresolution NUBS curve editing method.
The least-squares decomposition allows us to support NUBS curves, but
it also imposes some preprocessing penalties in both time and space
compared to techniques for multiresolution uniform \bspline{} curves.
Nonetheless, the entire process is fast enough to enable interactive
editing of complex NUBS curves, as is demonstrated by an interactive
editor implemented to test our methods.
* The third Pacific Graphics Conference on Computer Graphics and
Applications, Seoul, Korea, pp 267-278, August 1995.
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Line Art Rendering via a Coverage of Isoparametric Curves
Gershon Elber
A line-art non-photorealistic rendering scheme of scenes composed of
freeform surfaces is presented. A freeform surface coverage is
constructed using a set of isoparametric curves. The density of the
isoparametric curves is set to be a function of the illumination of
the surface determined using a simple shading model, or of regions of
special importance such as silhouettes. The outcome is one way at
achieving an aesthetic and attractive line-art rendering that employs
isoparametric curve based drawings that is suitable for printing
publication.
* IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics,
Vol 1, No 3, pp 231-239, September 1995.
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Line Illustrations $\in$ Computer Graphics
Gershon Elber
The revolution of the computer graphics field during the last two
decades made it possible to create high quality synthetic images that
even experts find it difficult to differentiate from real imagery.
In this paper, we explore a partially overlooked theme of computer
graphics that aims at conveying simple information using simple line
drawings and illustrations of polygonal as well as freeform objects.
* The Visual Computer, Vol 11, No 6, 1995.
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Proper Piecewise Linear Approximation of Freeform Surfaces.
Gershon Elber
We present two models for piecewise linear approximation of freeform
surfaces. One model exploits global curvature bounds and the other
employs an intermediate bilinear approximation. In both models, a norm
that minimizes the maximal deviation of the piecewise linear
approximation from the freeform surface is used.
* To appear in CAD. Also tech report CIS #9413, Computer Science
Department, Technion, October 1994.
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Symbolic and Numeric Computation in Curve Interrogation.
Gershon Elber
The control of shape of curves is of great importance in computer
aided geometric design. Determination of planar curves' convexity,
the detection of inflection points, coincident regions, and self
intersection points, the enclosed area of a closed curve, and the
locations of extreme curvature are important features of curves that
can affect the design, in modeling environments.
In this paper, we investigate the ability to robustly answer the above
queries and related questions using an approach which exploits both
symbolic computation and numeric analysis.
* Computer Graphics {\it forum}, Vol 14, No 1, pp 25-34, March 1995.
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Adaptive Isocurves Based Rendering: the Hardware Way.
Gershon Elber
In a recent work~\cite{Gershon-adap-iso-rend}, an almost optimal
algorithm to provide a coverage based on the isoparametric curves of a
surface was presented. This approach was combined successfully with
curve rendering techniques and used to directly render surfaces using
isoparametric curves instead of polygons.
In this paper, we describes an adaptation of the rendering algorithm
that uses adaptive isoparametric curves as the surface coverage, to a
generic hardware. We also discuss the feasibility of implementing the
adaptive isocurve extraction algorithm itself in hardware. The
presented results make the surface coverage using adaptive extraction
of isoparametric curves a tool for competitive freeform surface
rendering in both software and hardware.
Several results, including a videotape recording of a real time
display, are demonstrated.
* Presented in Computer Graphics International 1994 (CGI 94), Melbourne,
Australia, June 1994.
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Metamorphosis of Freeform Curves and Surfaces.
Gershon Elber
Metamorphosis between two freeform \bspline{} curves is considered and
several approaches to control the process are discussed. Starting with
simple convex combination, we examine two other approaches, one based
on multiresolution decomposition of freeform curves and the other
based on edge cutting of the control polygon of curves. The later is
improved by introducing a correspondence test for simple metamorphosis
relation. Finally, we consider the possibility of extending these
algorithms to surfaces.
* Presented in Computer Graphics International 1995 (CGI 95), Leeds, UK,
June 1995.
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Sketching as a Solid Modeling Tool
Lynn Eggli, Beat Bruderlin, and Gershon Elber.
This paper describes 'Quick-sketch', a 2d and 3d modeling tool for pen
based computers. Users of this system define a model by simple pen
strokes drawn directly on the screen of a pen-based PC. Lines,
circles, arcs, or B-spline curves are automatically distinguished, and
interpreted from these strokes. The system also automatically
determines relations, such as right angles, tangencies, symmetry, and
parallelism, from the sketch input. These relationships are then used
to clean up the drawing by making the approximate relationships
exact. Constraints are established to maintain the relationships in
further editing. A constraint maintenance system, which is based on
gestural manipulation and soft constraints, is employed in this
system. Several techniques for sketch based definitions of 3d objects
are provided as well, including extrusion, surface of revolution,
ruled surfaces and sweep. Features can be sketched on the surfaces of
3d objects, using the same 2d- and 3d techniques. This way objects of
medium complexity can be sketched in seconds. The system can be viewed
as a front-end to more sophisticated modeling, rendering or animation
environments, serving as a hand sketching tool in the preliminary
design phase.
* Presented in Solid Modeling 95, Salt Lake City, Utah, May 1995. Also to
appear in CAD.